NIETZSCHE'S CRITICS TO THE PROGRESS IDEA AND THE NINETEENTH CENTURY HISTORICISM. FOR A NEW IDEAL OF CULTURE (BILDUNG)

Abstract

In its reflections about the German culture of the 19th century, Friederich Nietzsche realizes that its culture had been corrupted by a false ideal, which in the philosopher analysis, resulted in a “philistinism†and in the loss of the philosophical dimension that a legit existence requires. At such statements, the search becomes about looking for Nietzsche’s critics about two elements that Nietzsche himself censors hardly in his own time society. First the evaluation of the philosopher’s considerations about the memory excess and the trust that his contemporary society trusted in the nineteenth historicism. For Nietzsche, this was a particularly complicated matter, because institutions such as the national state could use the historical knowledge to promote the standardization of its own individuals, there so bonding the past and the traditions that kept them of thinks existentially their human condition. In a way that, to situate the historicism that most likely is criticized by Nietzsche, it is ought to make an analysis of its concepts and its man characteristics, trough Gadamer, Wehling and Caldas. In a second place, the philosophy of history grants the reality as an evolutionary plan. In this case, the German Culture of the nineteenth century would be see as an ideal of a refined, superior and evolved culture; however, the philosopher problematizes this conceptions and points its debilities, mostly about his contemporary, for their thinking of living in a society that would be a sort of result of those who were the best communities of the past, and how they found themselves unable to develop a deep reflection about their modus vivendi. In a way that, through Kant e Bittencourt, it is possible to see the idea of progress that the human gender is always in evolution.