Colorless and Colored Diamonds, Identification and Differentiation Gemological of their Imitations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14571/brajets.v14.n4.601-617Abstract
Diamond has immense economic value in sectors such as jewelry, industry and for society through cultural and economic impact; this mineral has durability, rarity and occurs in all colors. The diamond is formed practically by pure carbon, but with smaller amounts of other ions, these ions are responsible for the gemological properties with little variability according to the color of the mineral. Synthetic diamonds are in abundance on the market and they are identical to natural diamonds, but have a much lower economic value. Doublets, triplets, garnets, spinel, GGG (gadolinium, gallium and garnet), sapphires, tanzanite, diopside, sphalerite and rutiles are some of the best imitations and most damaging to trade due to the possibilities of confusion. There is a variety of minerals with good gemological quality that can easily be mistaken for diamond, due to the visual similarities and some optical properties. This study shows a gemological methodology, using the optical properties and the relative density, to facilitate the diamonds identification (colorless and colored) in order to differentiate the diamonds from its imitations, that natural, synthetic or artificial; besides approaching a distinction and identification among the imitations themselves, constituting a didactic and easy to understand tool.References
Anderson, B.W. (1984). Identificação das Gemas. Rio de Janeiro: Livro Técnico.
Arem, J. E. (2019). Diamond Value, Price, and Jewelry Information. Recuperado em 13 de março, 2020, de https://www.gemsociety.org/article/diamonds/.
Bonewitz, R.L. (2013). Gemas e Pedras preciosas. São Paulo: DISAL Editora.
Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral; Instituto Brasileiro de Gemas e Metais Preciosos. (2009). Boletim referencial de preços de diamantes e gemas de cor (6a ed.). Brasilia: Convênio DNPM/IBGM, p. 201.
Lei n° 10.406, de 10 de janeiro de 2002 (2002). Institui o Código Civil. Diário Oficial [da] República Federativa do Brasil, Brasília, DF.
Byrne, K. S., Anstie, J. D., Chapman, J., & Luiten, A. N. (2013). Infrared Microspectroscopy of Natural Argyle Pink Diamond [Review of Infrared Microspectroscopy of Natural Argyle Pink Diamond]. Gems & Gemology, 49(2), 125–129.
Chaves, M. L. & Chambel, L. (2003). Diamante: a pedra, a gema, a lenda. São Paulo: Oficina de textos.
Cornejo, C. & Bartorelli, A. (2010). Minerais e Pedras Preciosas do Brasil. São Paulo: Solaris.
Field, J. E. (1979). The Properties of Diamond. Massachusetts: Academic Press.
Gemological Institute of America. (2018). Diamond Identification. Recuperado em 13 março, 2020, de https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/fall-2018-speakers-diamond-identification>.
Groat, L.A., Giuliani, G., Stone-Sundberg, J., Sun, Z., Renfro, N.D. & Palke, A.C. (2019). A Review of Analytical Methods Used in Geographic Origin Determination of Gemstones. Gems & Gemology, 55(4), 512-536.
Gunther, B. (1981). Tables of Gemstone Identification. Kirschweiler: Verlagsbuchhandlung Elisabeth Lenzen.
Hughes, R.W. (2017). Ruby & sapphire: A Gemologist’s guide. Bangkok: RWH Publishing/Lotus Publishing.
Hurlbut JR., C. S. & Switzer, G. S. (1979). Gemology. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Instituto Brasileiro de Gemas e Metais Pr eciosos. (2009). Manual Técnico de Gemas. (3a ed.) revisada, Brasília: Convênio DNPM/IBGM, p.215.
Kennedy, L. & Johnson, P. (2016). Yellow Synthetic Diamond with Nickel-Related Green Fluorescence. Gems & Gemology, 52(2), 196-197.
Medeiros, K.A. & Costa, M.M.D. (2014). Diamante. In: Lima, T.M. & Neves, C.A.R.N. (Coordenadores), Sumário Mineral. Brasília: DNPM, 62-63.
Nassau, K. (1980). Gems Made by Man. Pennsylvania: Chilton Book Company.
Nassau, K. (1983). The Physics and Chemistry of Color: The fifteen Causes of Color. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Orlov, Y. L. (1973). The Mineralogy of the Diamond. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Palke, A.C., Saeseaw, S., Renfro, N.D., Sun, Z. & Mcclure, S.F. (2019a). Geographic Origin Determination of Blue Sapphire. Gems & Gemology, 55(4), 536-579.
Palke, A.C., Saeseaw, S., Renfro, N.D., Sun, Z. & Mcclure, S.F. (2019b). Geographic Origin Determination of Ruby. Gems & Gemology, 55(4), 580-612.
Schumann, W. (2006). Gemas do Mundo. São Paulo: DISAL Editora.
Smith, E. M. & Wang, W. (2016). Fluid CH4 and H2 Trapped Around Metallic Inclusions in HPHT Synthetic Diamond. Recuperado em 13 março, 2020 de https://www.gia.edu/gia-research-metallic-inclusion-hpht-synthetic-diamond.
Tang, S.; Song, Z.; Lu, T.; Su, J.; Ma, Y. (2017). Two natural type IIa diamonds with strong phosphorescence and Ni-related defect. Gems & Gemology, 53(4), 476-478.
Webster, R. (1981). Gems. London: Butterworths.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Isaac Gomes de Oliveira, Linara Ivina de Castro Rodrigues, Marcelo Menezes Diniz Madruga, Tereza Falção de Oliveira Neri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The BRAJETS follows the policy for Open Access Journals, provides immediate and free access to its content, following the principle that making scientific knowledge freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge and provides more international democratization of knowledge. Therefore, no fees apply, whether for submission, evaluation, publication, viewing or downloading of articles. In this sense, the authors who publish in this journal agree with the following terms: A) The authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right to first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), allowing the sharing of the work with recognition of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal. B) Authors are authorized to distribute non-exclusively the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publish in the institutional and non-institutional repository, as well as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal. C) Authors are encouraged to publish and distribute their work online (eg, online repositories or on their personal page), as well as to increase the impact and citation of the published work.